Each one of us is very interested and paying much attention in being able to describe and assess our human personality. Human personality is the quality that makes each one of us a unique, matchless, distinctive, exclusive and sole person, different from others and only one of its kinds. It refers to the organized and structured behavior of every individual. The psychological meaning of the term personality is obviously very different from its lay meaning. For most laymen, personality refers to a person’s social appeal or popularity. Some people even speak of “amounts” of personality if someone is well thought of or likable and pleasant, he is said to have lot of personality. If he is retiring or shy, or if he is simply unpleasant, he is said to have little or no personality. For the psychologist, however, personality does not really occur in amounts; every person has a personality, because every person shows evidence and exhibits distinctive patterns of organized behavior and manner.
Personality test is any of several tests that consist of standardized tasks designed to determine various aspects of the personality or the emotional status of the individual examined. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/personality+test
Almost everyday we describe and assess the personalities of the people around us. Whether we realize it or not, these daily musings on how and why people behave as they do are similar to what personality psychologists do.
While our informal assessments of personality tend to focus more on individuals, personality psychologists instead use conceptions of personality that can apply to everyone. Personality research has led to the development of a number of theories that help explain how and why certain personality traits develop.
Components of Personality
While there are many different theories of personality, the first step is to understand exactly what is meant by the term personality. A brief definition would be that personality is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. In addition to this, personality arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life.
Some of the fundamental characteristics of personality include:
• Consistency - There is generally a recognizable order and regularity to behaviors. Essentially, people act in the same ways or similar ways in a variety of situations.
• Psychological and physiological - Personality is a psychological construct, but research suggests that it is also influenced by biological processes and needs.
• Impact behaviors and actions - Personality does not just influence how we move and respond in our environment; it also causes us to act in certain ways.
• Multiple expressions - Personality is displayed in more than just behavior. It can also be seen in out thoughts, feelings, close relationships, and other social interactions.
There are a number of different theories about how personality develops. Different schools of thought in psychology influence many of these theories. Some of these major perspectives on personality include:
• Type theories are the early perspectives on personality. These theories suggested that there are a limited number of "personality types" which are related to biological influences.
• Trait theories viewed personality as the result of internal characteristics that are genetically based.
• Psychodynamic theories of personality are heavily influenced by the work of Sigmund Freud, and emphasize the influence of the unconscious on personality. Psychodynamic theories include Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual stage theory and Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development.
• Behavioral theories suggest that personality is a result of interaction between the individual and the environment. Behavioral theorists study observable and measurable behaviors, rejecting theories that take internal thoughts and feelings into account. Behavioral theorists include B. F. Skinner and John Watson.
• Humanist theories emphasize the importance of free will and individual experience in the development of personality. Humanist theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.< http://psychology.about.com/od/overviewofpersonality/a/persondef.htm>
For me, personality is a total or visible aspect of one's life that could be seen in naked eyes: the main behavioral appearance of every individual what he has in his life as human. It is also considered as the basis of measuring the qualification of a person most particularly in looking for a job, engaging in a business, mingling with others and etc. In addition, it is an absolute evidence of human's characteristic in the inner side of a person that nobody can deny the reality of being what she/he is and who he/she is as a special creation of God.
Before going into the side of technopreneurship, I would like to give and bestow information first about personality assessment for further understanding and to be able for you to have a little background about it.
Personology is the science of personality that describes and predicts the behavior of the individual. To do this he must develop techniques that permit him to characterize behavior and theories that permit him to account for the uniqueness of individual behavior. (General Psychology- Jane Q. Beltran)
There are lots and hundreds of different techniques in describing personality. Personality assessment is a broad-spectrum term that refers to the process of describing or evaluating every individual behavior. Psychologists have many practical and theoretical reasons for wanting to assess and evaluate personality. The industrial psychologist is faced with the problem of selecting and decides on the right people for particular kinds of job or job training and of predicting the future performance of his selectees. The clinical psychologist is concerned with understanding the personality functioning of persons in distress and misery, predicting the response of such persons to particular kinds of treatment, and evaluating the personality changes that result from psychological treatment. The research psychologist may be interested in studying personality changes that occur with age or as a result of particular kinds of experiences. He may be interested in the relationships between certain kinds of personality factors and other variables, like learning, endurance, memory, attitudes, and so on. The social psychologist is interested in the effects of social, economic and cultural factors upon personality development and patterning and in the manner in which different personalities interact with one another in various group situations. The personologists himself has an abiding interest in developing techniques that will enable him to describe individual behavior and to construct meaningful theories to account for the uniqueness of people. Those are the people who were concerned and help in evaluating individual behavior.
Personologist have developed techniques in describing personality. These major approaches to personality assessment evaluate individuality. One of it is personality inventories.
When we say personality inventories, sometimes called objective personality test are standardized questionnaires that are designed and intended to yield quantitative information about personality. Inventories provide, supply and afford objective samples of verbal behavior that can be converted into numerical scores and interpreted in terms of statistical norms. Basically, inventories are attempts to formalize and structure the psychological interview by substituting standardized, objective test items for the personal skill and subjective judgment of an interviewer. A subject’s performance is reported in terms of separate standard scores that indicate his/her relative standing along the following test scales.
There are some available assessments or personality evaluation could be taken up to become engaged in technopreneurship. These are the personality traits test, IQ test, AQ test and EQ test. Those tests would help you determine if you have the potentials, capacities and capabilities to become an entrepreneur. You can evaluate yourself if you possess some entrepreneurial characteristics. Those tests are very helpful in a way that through them, you can say that “oh, I have the potentials, why I would not engage myself into business. I think I can manage and handle myself” or the reverse one, “oh, I am not that good. Maybe I am not in line in business; I do not see any entrepreneurial characteristics within me”.
An intelligence quotient, or IQ, is a score derived from one of several different standardized tests designed to assess intelligence. The term "IQ", from the German Intelligenz-Quotient, was devised by the German psychologist William Stern in 1912 as a proposed method of scoring children's intelligence tests such as those developed by Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon in the early 20th Century.
Although the term "IQ" is still in common use, the scoring of modern IQ tests such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is now based on standard scoring of the subject's rank order on the test item content with the median score set to 100, and a standard deviation of 15, although not all tests adhere to that assignment of 15 IQ points to each standard deviation.
IQ scores have been shown to be associated with such factors as morbidity and mortality, parental social status, and to a substantial degree, parental IQ. While the heritability of IQ has been investigated for nearly a century, controversy remains regarding the significance of heritability estimates, and the mechanisms of inheritance are still a matter of some debate.
IQ scores are used in many contexts: as predictors of educational achievement or special needs, by social scientists who study the distribution of IQ scores in populations and the relationships between IQ score and other variables, and as predictors of job performance and income.
The average IQ scores for many populations have been rising at an average rate of three points per decade since the early 20th century, a phenomenon called the Flynn effect. It is disputed whether these changes in scores reflect real changes in intellectual abilities, or merely methodological problems with past or present testing.
In EQ (Emotional Quotient), it will test your abilities to perform under pressure, resolve conflict, and generally cope with challenges. Emotional intelligence (EI) describes the ability, capacity, skill or, in the case of the trait EI model, a self-perceived grand ability to identify, assess, manage and control the emotions of one's self, of others, and of groups. Different models have been proposed for the definition of EI and disagreement exists as to how the term should be used. Despite these disagreements, which are often highly technical, the ability EI and trait EI models (but not the mixed models) enjoy support in the literature and have successful applications in different domains.
The earliest roots of emotional intelligence can be traced to Darwin's work on the importance of emotional expression for survival and second adaptation. In the 1900s, even though traditional definitions of intelligence emphasized cognitive aspects such as memory and problem-solving, several influential researchers in the intelligence field of study had begun to recognize the importance of the non-cognitive aspects. For instance, as early as 1920, E.L. Thorndike used the term social intelligence to describe the skill of understanding and managing other people.
Similarly, in 1940 David Wechsler described the influence of non-intellective factors on intelligent behavior, and further argued that our models of intelligence would not be complete until we can adequately describe these factors. In 1983, Howard Gardner's Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences introduced the idea of multiple intelligences which included both Interpersonal intelligence (the capacity to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of other people) and Intrapersonal intelligence (the capacity to understand oneself, to appreciate one's feelings, fears and motivations). In Gardner's view, traditional types of intelligence, such as IQ, fail to fully explain cognitive ability. Thus, even though the names given to the concept varied, there was a common belief that traditional definitions of intelligence are lacking in ability to fully explain performance outcomes.
The first use of the term "emotional intelligence" is usually attributed to Wayne Payne's doctoral thesis, A Study of Emotion: Developing Emotional Intelligence from 1985. However, prior to this, the term "emotional intelligence" had appeared in Leuner (1966). Greenspan (1989) also put forward an EI model, followed by Salovey and Mayer (1990), and Goleman (1995). The distinction between trait emotional intelligence and ability emotional intelligence was introduced in 2000.
As a result of the growing acknowledgement by professionals of the importance and relevance of emotions to work outcomes, the research on the topic continued to gain momentum, but it wasn't until the publication of Daniel Goleman's best seller Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ that the term became widely popularized. Nancy Gibbs' 1995 Time magazine article highlighted Goleman's book and was the first in a string of mainstream media interest in EI. < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_intelligence>
In AQ (Adversity Quotient), it will test you on how you cope with hardships or afflictions.
Dr. Paul Stoltz defines Adversity Quotient as “the capacity of the person to deal with the adversities of his life. As such, it is the science of human resilience.”
For many years, researchers have devoted a great deal of their studies to Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and Emotional Quotient (EQ), which are considered to be determinants of success and superior accomplishment. A decade ago (1997), Paul Stoltz introduced a new yet interesting & intriguing concept – Adversity Quotient (AQ), which tells how well one withstands adversity and his ability to triumph over it. In fact, more researches recently have shown that measurement of AQ is a better index in achieving success than IQ, education or even social skills.
By understanding the concept of AQ we can better understand how we and others react to challenge and adversity in all aspects of our lives. In fact, how people respond to adversity is a strong indicator of ability to succeed in many endeavors.
Personality trait test is an instrument, as a questionnaire or series of standardized tasks, used to measure personality characteristics or to discover personality disorders.
Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that studies personality and individual differences. Its areas of focus include:
• Constructing a coherent picture of a person and his or her major psychological processes
• Investigating individual differences, that is, how people can differ from one another.
• Investigating human nature, that is, how all people's behavior is similar.
Personality can be defined as a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognitions, motivations, and behaviors in various situations. The word "personality" originates from the Latin persona, which means mask. Significantly, in the theatre of the ancient Latin-speaking world, the mask was not used as a plot device to disguise the identity of a character, but rather was a convention employed to represent or typify that character.
The pioneering American psychologist, Gordon Allport (1937) described two major ways to study personality, the nomothetic and the idiographic. Nomothetic psychology seeks general laws that can be applied to many different people, such as the principle of self-actualization, or the trait of extraversion. Idiographic psychology is an attempt to understand the unique aspects of a particular individual.
The study of personality has a broad and varied history in psychology, with an abundance of theoretical traditions. The major theories include dispositional (trait) perspective, psychodynamic, humanistic, biological, behaviorist and social learning perspective. There is no consensus on the definition of "personality" in psychology. Most researchers and psychologists do not explicitly identify themselves with a certain perspective and often take an eclectic approach. Some research is empirically driven such as the "Big 5" personality model whereas other research emphasizes theory development such as psychodynamics. There is also a substantial emphasis on the applied field of personality testing. In psychological education and training, the study of the nature of personality and its psychological development is usually reviewed as a prerequisite to courses in abnormal or clinical psychology.< http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_psychology>
In technopreneurship, you do not need a very high IQ (intelligence Quotient) but what you need most are the EQ (Emotional Quotient) and AQ (Adversity Quotient) and you have the personality. Yes, that is true. Though you don’t have high IQ (intelligence Quotient), the important is you are more specialized on how you react emotionally to various situations and how you deal with hardships.
Last August 4, 2010, our instructor conducted a test and it is all about Personality trait. We had given questionnaires to be answered by only “A” and “B” choices. Afterwards, we tallied our scores and interpret what we had got. My score is 32 and its corresponding meaning is neutral. When we say neutral, it is telling me that I am not so capable to become an entrepreneur or i have the potentials and the entrepreneurial characteristics; I am in the middle. It is telling me that somehow I can be a technopreneur someday or not. For me, of course when I found out that I am neutral, I should decide if I should engage myself into business and when I decide that I go to business and I think I can handle myself in business career, it is my prerogative that I must develop my characteristics. Push my entrepreneurial skills and enhance my personality.
Well, about to my personality, these are the positive personalities I could say to myself.
I can say that I am a hardworking type of person. I work hard for the name of success. I think in order to have a comfortable life, I should work and work and do all I can.
I can say that I value perseverance, willing to take the consequences and very eager.
I am observant. When I meet people, I keep silent first and observe his/her behavior. If I think we will fit together, that is the time I come out to my shell. But if I think we will not, I just try be like by him taking chance for us to be compatible in a little way.
I can say that I am a type of person that knows to consider situations. When I know that there are factors that affects the situation, I leave it at is and just understand the situation. So I can say that I am patient as well to that situation/s.
I can learn easily. I am a fast learner especially if I see myself has interest with it. I can simply learn straightforwardly if I think that I am much capable with the thing. I can easily follow instructions.
If I know I’m committed, I do not do things which could break those commitments. I am very much careful with the commitments I have, whether at work or to other people I am dealing with. I have the pure principles in life that I must follow. I respect my work, my friend and my family. “Work is work, friend is friend, and family is family.”
I am persistent. I am not that type of person that easily gives up. I fight for the name of success. I am goal-oriented as well. If I think that it is too hard to achieve, I find ways and I strive hard for it. But if I think that I cannot really achieve it, that’s the time I give up and let go, at least I have tried my best and I will just charge it to experience. Though it is called a failure one but one thing for sure, I have the armor for the next battle.
I can work in good harmony. Well, when it comes to work I can do my job with others peacefully. I have the aura that anyone could like me to be their co-worker. I am not fun of engaging myself into fights and troubles. I can work with them in a way that I am not making any issues and troubles against them. I respect others.
I am approachable. Anytime I can be reached by you. I am easy to talk and to deal with. So people don’t have to be shy just to approach me or take time to adjust because I am so accessible.
I can easily think practical solutions. Well, when I encounter problems I always think for practical solutions to which I can benefit more with less costs because I think practical solutions are better. I don’t have to think much of the problem instead i give fast and possible solutions practically.
I can easily adapt environment. I can easily adjust to those environments which I think I am capable. I can go easily with the environment because I can say I am a good imitator.
I am reliable. Everyone can trust me. I am worthy of dependence and reliance. When someone gives me some tasks to do, I make sure that I did not give them failures. I can keep secrets and anyone can rely on me.
I know how to listen others concern. I respect others. I give time just to hear their sides. Sometimes I hear first their ideas and concerns before I will do the action because I know that it should not be all mine. I should consider as well their concerns.
I am a risk taker too. Sometimes, I go directly to the point sacrificing something just for the opportunity.
I am jolly. I am a type of person that always keeps smiling. I do not mind problems seriously. I must have to enjoy myself rather than thinking problems as if there were no solutions.
I am beauty conscious as well. I take time just to make myself beautiful and pleasant to see. I do not want myself look like as if I have lots of problem, very stress! For me, looks is very important as well so I need to take care my beauty and make sure that in every angle of my face, I look stunning, fresh and gorgeous. LOL!
I am sensitive to the feelings of others. I am very sensitive and profound to what the others feel and react to certain situations. I am sensitive to what the other people feel towards my behavior that is why I am very careful to my emotions. I prefer much to care the emotions of other people than my emotions which I made myself a martyr one. Though somehow it is not that good for me because I must have took time to think of myself but then it’s a reminder for me that I still have the room for improvement.
I always grab opportunity. I really love opportunities. When I think that I more capable of the subject, I grab it without thinking twice because I am confident enough that I could perform it well.
I enjoy much to be with my friends. I think I can do easily the task with the help of my friends. I love my friends and I am more comfortable to do my duties with them. Sometimes, I imagine that as we finish our studies, we will work together.
I also have personalities that are not good to see. And I think this would be the hindrance of my success.
Sometimes, I can easily lose my temper. I lose my temper when I see people cannot understand easily especially those hard-headed people. Well it’s not that I am very fun for perfection. I know this is not good that is why I have to change it slowly.
I shout sometimes if when I cannot control myself from anger but this is not a major problem because it is not always happening in me but then it still bad and have to be eradicated in my behavior.
I am over-looking to the success. I think that it is near to me always. I get so over energized, so “hot” to get the success which is not good. I must have to wait and take it as step-by-step process.
I always count for the cost consumed. I should not count for it was normal. You have to consume some cost in return to the things I want to happen in my life.
Sometimes when I have problem, I easily get destructed from it.
I am too much ambitious. As a result of it, some of my visions are very far out from the reality. It seems that I am hallucinating, imagining and thinking things were just easy.
Sometimes when I reach succession, I have the tendency become a greedy one. My head become bigger as if
I prioritize pride. Sometimes just because of the name of pride I am making my self not over-powered by other people which was good but if I get too much, I am making myself superior from others; Superior in away that I became boastful.
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